Lithium Tungstate Uses

Lithium tungstate is used to produce high density water solutions. Like other high density fluids, it is often used in the separation of minerals and other solids.

This use was developed in the early 1990s to address issues with existing high density fluids such as toxicity, safety, and stability, Unlike methylene iodide and bromoform it can safely be used in an indoor environment without a fume hood with only ordinary common sense safety precautions such as protective gloves and safety glasses.

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Lithium Tungstate Structure

The salt consists of tetrahedrally coordinated Li and W centres bridged by oxides. The W-O and Li-O bond distances are 1.79 and 1.96 Å, respectively. These differing bond lengths reflect the multiple bond character of the W-O interaction and the weaker ionic bonding between the Li-O interactions. The solid undergoes phase transitions at high pressures, such that the coordination geometry at tungsten becomes octahedral (six W-O bonds). For example at 40 kilobars, it adopts a structure related to wolframite.

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Lithium Tungstate Definition from Wiki

Lithium tungstate is the inorganic compound with the formula Li2WO4. It is a white solid that is soluble in water. The compound is one of the several orthotungstates, compounds that feature the tetrahedral WO42- anion.

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Cesium Tungstate--about Cesium

Cesium or Caesium (atomic symbol: Ce, atomic number: 55) is a Block S, Group 1, Period 6 element with an atomic weight of 132.9054519. The number of electrons in each of Cesium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 and its electron configuration is [Xe] 6s1. Cesium Bohr ModelThe cesium atom has a radius of 265 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 343 pm. Cesium is a member of the alkali group of metals. It is one of three metals that occur as a liquid at room temperature, the others being mercury and gallium. Cesium's main commercial source is pollucite ore; however, it is also found in beryl, avogadrite, pezzottaite, and londonite. Cesium was discovered by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff in 1860 and first isolated by Carl Setterberg in 1882. In its elemental form, cesium has a silvery gold appearance. The word Cesium originates from the Latin word "caesisus," meaning "sky blue," which refers to the vibrant blue lines in its spectrum.

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Cesium Tungstate--data

Cesium Tungstate

Cs2WO4

CAS 13587-19-4

Product Product Code Order or Specifications
(2N) 99% Cesium Tungstate CS-WO-02 Contact American Elements
(3N) 99.9% Cesium Tungstate CS-WO-03 Contact American Elements
(4N) 99.99% Cesium Tungstate CS-WO-04 Contact American Elements
(5N) 99.999% Cesium Tungstate CS-WO-05 Contact American Elements

PROPERTIES	Compound Formula	Mol. Wt.	Appearance	Density	Exact Mass	Monoisotopic Mass	MSDS
	Cs2O4W	513.65	Solid	N/A	513.741485	513.741485	Safety Data Sheet

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Cesium Tungstate

Cesium Tungstate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.

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References of Tungstate

Solutions of tungstates, like those of molybdates, give intensely blue solutions of complex tungstate(V,VI) analoguous to the molybdenum blues when reduced by most organic materials.

Unlike chromate, tungstate is not a good oxidizer, but like chromate, solutions of tungstate condense to give the isopolytungstates upon acidification.

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Occurrence of Tungstate

Tungstates occur naturally with molybdates. Scheelite, the mineral calcium tungstate, often contains a small amount of molybdate. Wolframite is manganese and iron tungstate, and all these are valuable sources of tungsten. Powellite is a mineral form of calcium molybdate containing a small amount of tungstate.

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Structures of Tungstate

Orthotungstates feature tetrahedral W(VI) centres with short W-O distances of 1.79 Å. Structurally, they resemble sulfates. Six-coordinate, octahedral tungsten dominates in the polyoxotungstates. In these compounds, the W-O distances are elongated.

Some examples of tungstate ions:

    HWO4− (hydrogentungstate)
    polymeric W2O72− ions of various structures in Na2W2O7, Li2W2O7 and Ag2W2O7

    [W7O24]6− (paratungstate A)
    [W10O32]4− (tungstate Y)
    [H2W12O42]10− (paratungstate B)
    α-[H2W12O40]6− (metatungstate))
    β-[H2W12O40]6− (tungstate X))

See the tungstates category for a list of tungstates.

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Tungstate Definition from Wiki

In chemistry a tungstate is a compound that contains an oxoanion of tungsten or is a mixed oxide containing tungsten. The simplest tungstate ion is WO42−, "orthotungstate".Many other tungstates belong to a large group of polyatomic ions that are termed polyoxometalates, ("POMs"), and specifically termed isopolyoxometalates as they contain, along with oxygen and maybe hydrogen, only one other element. Almost all useful tungsten ores are tungstates.

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Application of Sodium Tungstate

In organic chemistry, sodium tungstate is used as catalyst for epoxidation of alkenes and oxidation of alcohols into aldehydes or ketones.

It is also known for its anti-diabetic effects; Researchers have identified the pathways through which sodium tungstate improves pancreatic function and beta cell proliferation.

Reaction of Sodium Tungstate

Treatment of sodium tungstate with hydrochloric acid gives the trioxide:

    Na2WO4 + 2 HCl → WO3 + 2 NaCl + H2O

This reaction can be reversed using aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide

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Structure of Sodium Tungstate

Scheelite is treated similarly using sodium carbonate.

Sodium tungstate can also be produced by treating tungsten carbide with a mixture of sodium nitrate and sodium hydroxide in a fusion process which overcomes the high exothermicity of the reaction involved.

Several polymorphs of sodium tungstate are known, three at only one atmosphere pressure. They feature tetrahedral orthotungstate dianions but differ in the packing motif. The WO42- anion adopts a structure like sulfate (SO42-).

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Preparation of Sodium Tungstate

The predominant route to this salt is the extraction of tungsten ores, almost all of which are tungstates. Thus, the ores, are treated with base to give sodium tungstate, as illustrated in the case of wolframite:

    Fe/MnWO4 + 2 NaOH + 2 H2O → Na2WO4•2H2O + Fe/Mn(OH)2

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Sodium Tungstate Definition from Weki

Sodium tungstate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2WO4•2H2O. This white, water-soluble solid is the sodium salt of orthotungstate. It is useful as a source of tungsten for chemical synthesis. It is an intermediate in the conversion of tungsten ores to the metal.

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Tungstic Acid Application

Tungstic acid is used as a mordant and a dye in textiles.

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Analysis of Tungsten Powder

  Tungsten Powder

W Content (%min)		99.90
Impurities (% max)	Element	Max
	Al	0.0010
	As	0.0010
	Bi	0.0001
	C	0.0030
	Ca	0.0015
	Cd	0.0010
	Co	0.0010
	Cr	0.0010
	Cu	0.0005
	Fe	0.0030
	Mg	0.0010
	Mn	0.0010
	Mo	0.0020
	Na	0.0010
	Ni	0.0020
	P	0.0007
	Pb	0.0001
	S	0.0010
	Sb	0.0005
	Si	0.0015
	Sn	0.0003
	Ti	0.0010
	V	0.0010
	K	0.0015
F.S.S.S	2~10um

Packing: in iron drum with double inner plastic bag of 50kgs or 100kgs net each.

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Analysis of Ammonium Paratungstate(APT)

Ammonium Paratungsten

产品牌号 Grade		APT - 0
杂质含量 (最大值%)	WO3含量(≥%)	88.5
	化学成分	最大值Max	化学成分	最大值Max
	Al	0.0005	Na	0.0010
	As	0.0010	Ni	0.0005
	Bi	0.0001	K	0.0010
	Ca	0.0010	P	0.0007
	Cd	0.0010	Pb	0.0001
	Cr	0.0010	S	0.0008
	Co	0.0010	Sb	0.0005
	Cu	0.0003	Si	0.0010
	Fe	0.0010	Sn	0.0002
	Mg	0.0005	Ti	0.0010
	Mn	0.0005	V	0.0010
	Mo	0.0020	灼损Blanch loss	11.5

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